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SPICES, School of Medical Sciences  |  Health Campus, USM

Exomphalos is an anterior abdominal wall defect occur when the abdominal wall does not develop fully in utero. The aetiology is unknown but it is associated with chromosomal abnormality and neonatal death. Early in pregnancy, during embryonic period, intestine elongates and this involves two important phenomena which is physiological umbilical herniation and rotation. Exomphalos is caused by a failure of the ventral body wall to form and close the naturally occuring umbilical hernia. The intestine remain inside the umbilical cord and outside the abdomen. Depending on the type and size of the exomphalos, the infant may need surgical operation.