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SPICES, School of Medical Sciences  |  Health Campus, USM

SPECULUM

DESCRIPTION

This is an instrument used to open and separate the vaginal wall. It facilitates visual inspection of vagina and cervix. It is used when collecting the cells from the cervix during a Pap test procedure. 

PAP SMEAR TOOL

DESCRIPTION

  1. Brush
  2. Collecting bottle

SLIDE CYTO

DESCRIPTION

  1. Low grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); This is defined as squamous cell changes associated with HPV infection encompass mild dysplasia and CIN
    1. The cytology characteristic of LSIL includes;
      1.  nuclear enlargement more than three times area of normal intermediate nuclei.
      2.  koilocytic changes represented by perinuclear cavitation consisting a broad, sharply delineated clear perinuclear zone associated with peripheral rim of densely stained cytoplasm (The koilocytic changes is characteristic for viral cytopathic feature but is not a requirement for LSIL interpretation).
      3. contour of nuclear membrane is variable ranging from smooth to very irregular with notches.
      4. binucleation and multinucleation are common.
  2. High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); It is a lesion of immature squamous cells. The criteria includes ;
    1. small cell with less cytoplasmic maturity.
    2. occur in single or syncytila like aggregates.
    3. variable nuclear enlargement with hinger nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio.
    4. irregular nuclear membrane with prominent indentation and grooves.
  3. Squamous cell carcinoma; This is an invasive epithelial tumour composed of squamous cells of varying degrees of differentiation. The criteria includes;
    1. markedly pleomorphic with irregular nuclei membrane
    2. tumour diathesis may or not be prominent.
  4. Atypical glandular cell